II. Function

1. Each module is equipped with corresponding connection ports for interfacing with different modules.

2. Strong magnets are installed on the bottom of each module, allowing the entire board to adhere to blackboards or training boards.

3. Constructed using 2mm thick fiberglass boards. Electronic components are soldered using SMT (Surface Mount Technology) processes, with a minimum chip package size of 0603. The surface is painted green and features white silkscreen printing to display circuit schematics, component symbols, reference designators, etc.

4. Fixed parts are made of CNC-machined aluminum alloy with a gold-plated protective coating on the surface.

5. The overall appearance is designed as a table-and-chair set. It features a steel-reinforced structure with a wooden desktop equipped with a high-temperature silicone pad for practical operations such as soldering with a hot air gun. Internal drawers are provided for storing components.

6. Connection wires are sheathed in environmentally friendly material and feature plug-in posts for easy insertion into breadboards and connection between different components.

III. Technical Specifications

1. Dimensions (mm): 1340 * 670 * 1380.
2. Input Power: AC 220V-50Hz.
3. Module Operating Voltage: DC 5V-12V.
4. Operating Temperature: -20°C ~ +50°C.

IV. Configuration Requirements

1. Magnetic Alternator Principle Training Board: Utilizes a 5V three-phase alternator. Input power is supplied by a 12V lithium battery module. The 5V three-phase generator is secured by aluminum alloy fixings. A potentiometer adjusts the duty cycle to control motor speed, driving the generator. The panel is equipped with copper terminals (inner diameter 2mm) for connecting power terminals and oscilloscope test probes.

2. ECU Power Supply Principle Training Board: The training board panel displays the circuit's working principle. It features a rectifier module, a π-type filter module, and a voltage regulator module.  The rectified voltage, filtered voltage, and regulated voltage are brought out through 2mm copper terminals, allowing for voltage or waveform ripple measurement using a voltmeter or oscilloscope. The input power supply is single-phase 12-volt AC.

3. Hall Current Sensor Training Board: Uses a Hall current sensor with a full scale of 2 Amperes. Features a 3-digit digital display for current output. Includes a built-in DC-DC converter to generate adjustable DC current from 0~2A. This current passes through a copper wire traversing the Hall sensor for measurement. A potentiometer adjusts the measured current value. A DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) switch can reverse the current direction. Another DPDT switch allows an external ammeter to be connected in series to verify the actual measured current. The Hall sensor outputs 0.5V at -2A, 4.5V at +2A, and 2.5V at 0A. The Hall sensor measures current and feeds it to the microcontroller, which calculates and displays the current on the digital readout. Equipped with 2mm copper terminals for: Hall current sensor measurement, LED indicator current detection, and power input.

4. Lithium Battery Charge/Discharge Control Training Board: Uses a single-cell 200mAh lithium battery as the monitored cell. The board includes built-in single-cell lithium battery protection circuitry. Charging is done via a 12V power supply, with automatic stop at full charge and overcharge protection. Uses an NTC thermistor and a heating resistor to simulate lithium battery over-temperature protection during charging. A 3-digit digital display shows real-time battery voltage and temperature.

5. Ohm's Law Characteristics Training Board: Developed based on Ohm's Law characteristics. Input power is DC12V. The circuit consists of a cement resistor and an adjustable resistor in series from the positive terminal to adjust the cement’s working current. The panel features a silkscreen circuit diagram. Equipped with 2mm copper terminals for: current measurement, voltage measurement, and power input.

6. MOSFET Principle Training Board: The training board features a built-in 200V/16A high-power field-effect transistor, a gate voltage adjustment circuit, and reserved 2mm copper terminals for measuring IG current, ID current, and VDS voltage. The panel includes a silk-screened circuit diagram and uses an LED as the drain load.

7. IGBT Power Transistor Characteristics Training Board: Features a built-in high-power IGBT (1200V/20A). Provides test terminals for: relay current, collector voltage, emitter current, gate current, and gate voltage. A light bulb serves as the collector load. A potentiometer adjusts the gate voltage to switch the IGBT between on and off states.

8. High-Voltage Power-up Control Training Board: Uses an intelligent microprocessor to generate a power-up sequence, controlling 3 relays to complete the process. Can simulate the slow voltage rise during DC bus capacitor charging and the relay switching state at the end of the rise.

9. Magnetic Position Sensor Training Board: A microprocessor generates a PWM signal to drive a motor. A 4mm strong magnet is mounted on the motor's turntable, passing near a magnetic field detection coil once per revolution. The detection coil picks up the magnetic signal, which is then processed by internal amplification and shaping circuits.

10. DC/DC Boost Converter Training Board: Utilizes a high-voltage coil to increase voltage. The input power supply is DC 12V. The circuit uses an NE555 circuit for oscillation, a transformer for voltage boosting, and a large capacitor for energy storage to trigger the high-voltage coil and generate high voltage. A variable resistor adjusts the triggering frequency. The panel includes a white silkscreen circuit diagram and is equipped with 2mm copper terminals for oscillation signal detection, 2mm copper terminals for high-voltage pulse detection, and 2mm copper terminals for power input.

11. DC/DC Buck Converter Training Board: Features built-in 3.3V and 5V linear voltage regulation modules. The panel has a white silkscreen circuit diagram. Equipped with 2mm copper terminals for power input and output.

12. DC Motor Speed Control Training Board: Contains an intelligent microprocessor controlled by a potentiometer to generate a PWM signal, driving the motor at different speeds. The motor turntable has a light-transmitting notch. When this notch passes an optical coupler, it generates a speed-dependent electrical signal. This signal is output to a 2mm copper terminal on the panel for external measurement.

13. Dual MOSFET Control Delay Module: Enables high-frequency fast switching of circuits. Uses dual MOSFETs in parallel for active output, offering high power, wide operating voltage range, emergency stop function, reverse connection protection, optocoupler isolation, power adjustment automatic memory, and the timing range is adjustable. Features a 3-digit digital display.

14. Adjustable Voltage Lithium Battery Module:

Display Section: Uses a 3-digit digital display to show battery voltage. The microprocessor controls Red, Green, and another Red SMD LEDs to indicate battery status: Green = fully charged; one Red = low voltage alarm (needs charging); other Red = short-circuit protection.

Charge/Discharge Control: Charging is controlled by a microprocessor which drives a switching regulator chip to convert an external 12V DC supply into a charging voltage above 18V via high-frequency oscillation. The microprocessor also monitors cell voltage balance and charging temperature.

Output Voltage Control: 5V/12V outputs use 7805 or 7812 linear regulators. The 0-12V output uses an LM317 adjustable regulator. A potentiometer adjusts the output voltage. A tactile switch toggles the output mode. When switched to adjustable mode, the microprocessor reads the potentiometer signal and controls the regulator to output 0-7.5V DC.

15. PIR (Passive Infrared) Human Detection Principle Training Board: Simulates the action of a buzzer when the sensor detects a human presence.

16. Solar Cell Characteristics Training Board: Features a built-in silicon photovoltaic panel. Light shines directly onto the panel, which converts light energy into electrical energy. The panel is equipped with 2mm copper terminals for: solar panel voltage output detection and power input.

17. Supercapacitor Charge/Discharge Principle Training Board: The panel is printed with the circuit working schematic. Equipped with 2mm external terminals for connecting an ammeter to measure supercapacitor current and a voltmeter to measure its voltage.

Charging: Switch to charge mode. The supercapacitor is charged via a constant current/constant voltage circuit. External meters can measure charging voltage and current.

Discharging: Disconnect the input power, switch to discharge mode. The supercapacitor powers a motor through a speed control circuit. External meters can measure discharge voltage and current.

18. High-Voltage Leakage Sensor Training Board: Contains a boost circuit that increases 12V to 250V DC. When a person touches the two electrodes, a small DC current flows through the body, simulating the physiological reaction to a DC electric shock.

19. Hall Throttle Position Sensor Training Board: The panel is printed with the circuit working schematic. The throttle wheel is equipped with positive/negative polarity strong magnets. A linear Hall sensor detects the throttle wheel position. The board provides 2mm copper terminals to measure the Hall sensor's output voltage.

20. Single-Phase to Three-Phase Voltage Training Board: The panel is printed with the circuit working schematic. Input is DC 12V or single-phase AC 12V. Output is three-phase wye-connected sine wave voltage. Output frequency and amplitude can be adjusted via setting buttons. The three-phase output voltages are accessible via 2mm copper terminals, with two LEDs per phase indicating instantaneous polarity.

21. Three-Phase Motor Drive Training Board: The panel is printed with the circuit working schematic. Input is DC 12V or single-phase AC 12V. Output is three-phase wye-connected sine wave voltage.

22. DC Ammeter: Features a 3-digit precision LCD screen. Externally powered. Includes over-current self-recovery protection.

23. DC Ammeter-A: Features a 4-digit precision LCD screen. Externally powered. Includes over-current self-recovery protection.

24. DC Voltmeter: Features a 4-digit precision LCD screen. Externally powered. Includes over-current self-recovery protection.

25. DC Voltmeter-A: Features a 4-digit precision LCD screen. Externally powered. Includes over-current self-recovery protection.

26. Effects of Electric Current on the Human Body Training Board: Contains a boost circuit. When a person touches the two electrodes, a controlled DC current flows through the body, simulating physiological reaction. A high-speed protection circuit automatically limits the current to a safe range.

27. PTC Heating Temperature Control Training Board: Uses a 12V/75°C PTC heating element, in close contact with a digital temperature sensor for real-time measurement. A heating switch controls the PTC. A built-in microprocessor measures the PTC's temperature and calculates its equivalent resistance, displayed on a digital readout.

28. Diode Rectifier Training Board: Provides 2mm copper terminals for accessing the input and output of a half-wave rectifier (single diode) and a full-wave bridge rectifier.

29. Automotive Solenoid Valve Training Board: Features a built-in high-power drive circuit with freewheeling protection to drive a solenoid valve. Provides a 2mm copper terminal as the control signal input, compatible with 3-8V signals.

30. AC Transformer Principle Training Board: Contains a frequency-adjustable low-voltage AC generation circuit (output ~1.5V AC, insufficient to light an LED) and a 347/32 step-up transformer. Provides 2mm copper terminals for primary and secondary windings. Using jumpers, connect the primary to the low-voltage AC source; the secondary outputs ~12V AC (can light an LED via jumper), demonstrating the step-up function.

31. Microprocessor Training Board: Features a built-in 51-core microprocessor with the 8 pins of Port 1 accessible for expansion experiments. The processor includes ADC/CCP/PWM/PCA, 1 UART, 1 SPI, etc. Programs can be downloaded directly via a Micro USB cable. Provides a 2mm copper terminal for 5V output (with over-current protection) to power the system externally or to supply other modules when USB-powered.

32. NTC Temperature Measurement & Control Training Board: Contains a temperature measurement circuit (NTC thermistor with pull-up resistor), a heating circuit (transistor with metal film resistor), and a fan driver circuit (transistor driving a DC motor).

33. Raindrop Sensing Module: Power indicator lights up. When a drop of water falls on the sensing panel, the digital output (DO) triggers a switch indicator and a buzzer. The analog output (AO) can connect to a microcontroller's ADC to detect rainfall intensity. Includes a potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment.

34. Metal Detector Module: Non-contact detection. Buzzer sounds when metal is detected.

35. Hall Speed Sensor Training Board: A multi-pole magnetic ring is fixed to a motor shaft. A Hall effect sensor is placed near the magnetic poles. The Hall sensor signal is output to a 2mm copper terminal for oscilloscope waveform measurement. A built-in microprocessor displays real-time RPM and simulated vehicle speed.

Wiring Note: (Red terminal to positive power, Black terminal to negative power).

36. Wireless Charging Principle Training Board: Common low-power wireless charging often uses electromagnetic induction, where energy is transferred via a magnetic field between charger and device, eliminating wired connections. This board integrates both transmitter and receiver for easy demonstration of the energy conversion process, allowing direct measurement of data.